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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS

Chronic obstructive lung diseases, Bronchitis - what is it ?

There are two forms of bronchitis (bronchial inflammation): acute bronchitis (sudden onset and short episode) and chronic bronchitis (prolonged recurring condition). Acute bronchitis is the inflammation of air passages (bronchi) usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection, and aggravated by air pollution, which includes cigarette smoke, chemical fumes, and dust. Chronic bronchitis is similar to acute bronchitis, but the symptoms persist and worsen (e.g. deepening cough). The condition often co-exists with emphysema.

SYMPTOMS

Persistent recurring cough with thick phlegm throughout the day and night, lasting at least two consecutive years. The cough is at its worst first thing in the morning (also called smoker's cough).
Shortness of breath which becomes progressively worse and wheezing (breathing difficulty that produces a high whistling sound).
Bluish lips and complexion due to the lack oxygen in the blood.
Swollen ankles and legs.
Tiredness, low energy level.

COMPLICATIONS

Emphysema (damaged air sacs in the lungs).
Frequent bacterial or viral respiratory infections, including pneumonia.
Coughing up blood.
Heart failure.
Death.

CAUSE

Air pollution (including dust and industrial vapors), particularly tobacco smoke. constantly irritates the airways, resulting in inflammation and production of excessive mucus. The condition leads to the narrowing of the air passages, making them more susceptible to infections, which tend to recur and cause more damage.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you suspect chronic bronchitis.
If you smoke, stop immediately.
Stay away from dusty and polluted areas.

WHAT YOUR DOCTOR /PHARMACIST CAN DO FOR YOU

Rule out other causes of difficulty in breathing.
Determine the severity of the disease by taking chest X rays, blood tests, etc.
Prescribe bronchi dilators (medicines that widen the air passages).
Prescribe antibiotics and other appropriate medicines.
Promptly treat respiratory infections when they occur to prevent further damage to the air passages.
Treat other complications.

PREVENTION TIPS

Quit smoking immediately.
Avoid places where smoking is allowed because passive smoking is just as bad.
Follow safety instructions and wear the required safety gear when working in a hazardous environment (e.g. presence of chemical fumes).
If possible, avoid living in an area with heavy air pollution.

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