Pharmacy Online: Health Encyclopedia

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Dandruff

What is Dandruff ?

The body continuously sheds dead skin, with the scalp shedding more than any other part of the skin. In some people, the outer layers of dead skin from scurf (small thin, dry scales),which become matted by oil. They eventually fall on the collars and shoulders of clothes in large, unsightly flakes called dandruff. The condition usually more cosmetic than medical, is common and harmless, and has nothing to do with diet.

Symptoms

White scales and flakes on the scalp, which fall on the collars and shoulders of clothes.

Cause

Seborrheic dermatitis, a red scaly, and itchy rash which causes the scalp to shed skin cells excessively. The cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not yet fully known.
Pityrosporum, a microscopic fungus which is normally present on oily areas of skin. People with dandruff have unusually big populations of Pityrosporum.
The abnormally large production and shedding of dead skin from the scalp.

WHAT YOU CAN DO

Use antidandruff shampoo with fungicides regularly.
Avoid scratching an itchy scalp to prevent infection.
If your current shampoo is not effective, try switching to an antidandruff shampoo with a different chemical formulation.
Consult your doctor or pharmacist if the condition still does not improve after having switched antidandruff shampoos.

WHAT YOUR DOCTOR/PHARMACIST CAN DO FOR YOU

Rule out eczema, psoriasis, and ringworm.
Prescribe appropriate medication (e.g., scalp lotions or topical steroids).

PREVENTION TIPS

Keep your hair clean by shampooing regularly from once a day to twice a week.
Use antidandruff shampoo for an extended time 5-10 minutes on to the scalp for better effect and twice weekly as prevention.
If the scalp or hair is dry, massage olive oil into the hair roots, leave it there for 30 minutes, then shampoo.
If the scalp or hair is oily, use mild frequent wash shampoo.

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